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Pierre Blais

Pierre Blais


Pierre Blais was appointed on May 1, 2015, as Chairman of the Security Intelligence Review Committee (SIRC).

Mr. Blais was born in Berthier-sur-Mer, on December 30, 1948. He is the son of Edmond Blais and Marguerite Mercier.

He attended Collège Ste-Anne-de-la-Pocatière and received a Bachelor of Arts from Laval University in 1968, and a Licentiate in Laws from Laval University in 1976. He was then called to the Quebec Bar in 1977, and to the Ontario Bar in 1993.

Subsequently, he practiced law in Montmagny with the law firm of Morin, Lemieux, Blais, from 1977 to 1984. As a part-time lecturer, he taught business law at the Cégep of la Pocatière from 1980 to 1982. During that time, he also taught business law at the University du Québec in Rimouski in 1980, and industrial legislation (ethic and professional liability) at Laval University in 1983 and 1984; in addition, he taught for the Ordre des ingénieurs du Québec, also at Laval University in 1983 and 1984.

He was elected to the House of Commons for Bellechasse in 1984; subsequently, he served as Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Agriculture and to the Deputy Prime Minister before joining the Cabinet as Minister of State for Agriculture in 1987.

Subsequently, he served successively as Solicitor General of Canada, Minister of Consumer and Corporate Affairs, Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada, and President of the Queen’s Privy Council for Canada.

He retired from political life in November 1993 and joined, as a partner, the law firm of Langlois, Robert (later Langlois, Gaudreau) with offices in Montréal, Québec City and Montmagny.

While he held ministerial portfolios (from 1987 to 1993), he was a member of most Cabinet Committees, in particular, the Priorities and Planning Committee; in addition, he was Chairman of the Special Committee of Council and Deputy Chairman of the Government Operations Committee.

Mr. Blais has also been very active in community and social affairs. He has contributed, successively, as administrator, Vice-President and President, to a number of organizations, such as the Conseil de développement de la Côte-du-Sud, the Corporation culturelle Popularti, the Chamber of commerce of Montmagny, the Club Richelieu Montmagny, the Caisse populaire de Berthier-sur-Merthe Corporation Le Havre de Berthier-sur-Mer, the Fondation de l’Hôtel-Dieu de Montmagny, the Fondation des services universitaires Chaudières-Appalaches, the Club export agro-alimentaire du Québec.

As Minister of Agriculture and Minister of Consumer and Corporate Affairs, he was actively involved in the negotiations that resulted in the North American Free Trade Agreement with the United States and Mexico; he also took an active part in the GATT negotiations in Geneva from 1986 to 1993.

During that period, he took part in a large number of political, economic and commercial missions in the United States, Europe, Israel, Mexico, China and South America.

Mr. Blais was appointed Judge of the Federal Court of Canada, Trial Division on June 23, 1998 and Judge of the Court Martial Appeal Court of Canada on December 3, 1998, to the Competition Tribunal as a judicial member in October 2002, and Chairperson of the Public Servants Disclosure Protection Tribunal in July 2007. He was also designated by the Chief Justice to hear national security cases matters from 2000 to 2008. Indeed, he completed in 2008 a “Fellowship” at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies of the University of London U.K, whereby he did comparative research about the treatment, by Canadian and English courts, of evidence undisclosed on national security grounds. He was appointed Judge of the Federal Court of Appeal on February 20, 2008 and Chief Justice of the Federal Court of Appeal on September 9, 2009.

He retired from the Court on June 23, 2014.

He enjoys tennis, cycling, swimming, fishing, and reading and writes novels in his spare time.

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Marie Deschamps

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Craig Forcese

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Process and Procedures

Process and Procedures


NSIRA Rules of Procedure

Pursuant to section 7.1 of the National Security and Intelligence Review Agency Act (NSIRA Act), the Review Agency may determine the procedure to be followed in the exercise of its powers or the performance of any of its duties or functions. The Review Agency’s procedures for its complaint investigations are formalized with Rules of Procedure, which can be found here:

Investigations Service Standards

The Review Agency’s service standards set time limits within which certain investigative steps for each type of complaint should be accomplished under normal circumstances. They can be found here:

NSIRA Complaint Forms


Complaint against CSIS

Form 16

Complaint against CSE

Form 17

Complaint – Security Clearances

Form 18

Affidavit

Form 1302

Notice of Informal Resolution

Form 1009

Notice of Motion

Form 1301

Statement of Events

Form

Summary of Anticipated Evidence

Form 1200

Summons

Form 800

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Accessibility Feedback Process

Accessibility Feedback Process


Accessibility Feedback Form

Commitment

The National Security and Intelligence Review Agency (NSIRA) is committed to ensuring it is accessible to Canadians. Our objective is to identify and remove, as well as prevent, barriers to accessibility to the greatest extent possible.

Feedback, whether positive or critical, is an important means for informing NSIRA about barriers and potentially for identifying strategies to address them.

Feedback that may be submitted

In accordance with the Accessible Canada Act and the Accessible Canada Regulations, feedback may be submitted about:

  • the manner in which NSIRA is implementing its accessibility plan;
  • the barriers that NSIRA Secretariat employees encounter; and
  • the barriers encountered by other people who deal with NSIRA.

To request a description of the feedback process in an alternate format, or to provide feedback about NSIRA’s accessibility plan and any barriers encountered in dealing with NSIRA, please contact the designated recipient by mail, telephone, or e-mail.

Chief of Staff, Executive Director’s Office
National Security and Intelligence Review Agency Secretariat
P.O. Box 2430, Station “B”
Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 5W5

Telephone: 1-833-890-0293
Email: info@nsira-ossnr.gc.ca

NSIRA thanks everyone for taking the time to provide feedback aimed at improving accessibility for Canadians.

Feedback Process

  1. The Chief of Staff, Executive Director’s Office, is responsible for receiving feedback about the National Security and Intelligence Review Agency’s Accessibility Plan 2022-2025.
  2. Feedback may be submitted anonymously or otherwise by using the Accessibility Feedback Form, which can be found on NSIRA’s website. Feedback may also be submitted by mail, telephone, or e-mail to:

Chief of Staff, Executive Director’s Office
National Security and Intelligence Review Agency Secretariat
P.O. Box 2430, Station “B”
Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 5W5

Telephone: 1-833-890-0293
Email: info@nsira-ossnr.gc.ca

  1. Feedback may be submitted in either or both of Canada’s official languages (i.e., English and French).
  2. Feedback (other than anonymous submissions) will be acknowledged within ten (10) business days from the date of receipt. Acknowledgements and other exchanges (where applicable) will use the same means of communication as the originator.
  3. Feedback may be general or specific. It should be sufficiently detailed to enable the NSIRA Secretariat to determine whether it pertains to the accessibility plan or to any barriers or gaps that may have been experienced. In some instances, a contributor may be asked for more information to assist in clarifying the issue(s).
  4. The NSIRA Secretariat will track feedback, requests for information, and responses about the feedback process, including the date received and the way it was submitted. All information will be retained on file for a period of seven (7) years.
  5. When a request is received to provide the description of the feedback process in an alternate format, the NSIRA Secretariat will respond within the following deadlines.
    • For print, large print, and electronic formats – 15 clear days
    • For Braille or audio formats – 45 clear days
  1. All feedback will be reviewed to assist in improving accessibility at NSIRA. Depending on the nature of the feedback, it may be shared within NSIRA or with other organizations, such as central agencies or policy centers with whom NSIRA collaborates, for appropriate follow-up.
  2. The NSIRA Secretariat adheres to the requirements of the Privacy Act. Personal or identifying information about the feedback contributor will only be shared for a use consistent with identifying, removing, preventing barriers to accessibility.
  3. The NSIRA Secretariat will report on the feedback received and the action taken in its Accessibility Progress Report.
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Conducting Reviews

NSIRA’s review process is rigorous and its Members are supported by a team of professional reviewers and lawyers.

Reviews are large, intensive projects that require hundreds of staff hours and are completed over a period of several months. NSIRA obtains paper and electronic documentation from a reviewed organization(s), and supplements these with briefings from relevant stakeholders and interviews with relevant employees. All of this information is carefully analyzed. A review is often an iterative project, with information prompting questions that in turn trigger fresh requests for information and briefings, and so on. NSIRA is legally entitled to unfettered access to all of the information in the possession, or under the control, of federal departments and agencies. The sole exception is Cabinet confidences.

In conducting reviews, NSIRA may make any findings and recommendations it deems appropriate. Often these relate to a department’s compliance with the law and applicable ministerial direction or the reasonableness and necessity of a department’s actions. NSIRA recommendations are not binding, however, NSIRA tracks departmental progress in addressing deficiencies and responding to recommendations.

When NSIRA completes a review, the resulting classified document is sent by the NSIRA Members to the appropriate Minister or Ministers. Each year, NSIRA is mandated to prepare an public annual report to the Prime Minister containing summaries of its reviews, including findings and recommendations, completed during the previous calendar year. Departments and agencies have a chance to respond to NSIRA recommendations, and these responses are included in this report, which is ultimately tabled in Parliament by the Prime Minister and published on NSIRA’s website.

Useful Resources

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What we review

NSIRA’s Review Plan is approved by NSIRA Members. Although NSIRA must undertake certain reviews each year as set out in the NSIRA Act, most of NSIRA’s reviews are chosen by the NSIRA Members.

Members choose reviews of new, important, or of particularly high legal risk activities. The plan is regularly revised to ensure that it continues to reflect the rapidly changing national security and intelligence environment.

NSIRA reviews can focus on a program or activity within a single organization, or they can span multiple departments or agencies. Sometimes a review will begin in one department, but NSIRA then finds it necessary to “follow the thread” into another department in order to ensure a complete understanding of events. NSIRA can also undertake broad thematic reviews.

Mandatory Yearly Reviews

As set out in the NSIRA Act, NSIRA is required to conduct certain reviews each year related to:

  • At least one aspect of CSIS’s threat reduction mandate;
  • Every new or modified relevant Ministerial Direction related to National Security or Intelligence;
  • NSIRA must review the implementation of all directions issued under the Avoiding Complicity in Mistreatment by Foreign Entities Act;
  • Disclosures under the Security of Canada Information Disclosure Act.

Useful Resources

Reviews


Completed and redacted reviews can be found under Current Reviews

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Who we review

The National Security and Intelligence Review Agency has a statutory mandate to review the activities of the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) and the Communications Security Establishment (CSE), as well as the national security or intelligence activities of all other federal departments and agencies. This includes, but is not limited to, the national security or intelligence activities of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA), the Department of National Defence (DND), Global Affairs Canada (GAC), and the Department of Justice (DoJ).

As departmental roles and responsibilities evolve over time and departments gain new national security or intelligence responsibilities, NSIRA’s review mandate will automatically extend to those activities.

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Why we review?

NSIRA establishes independent expert review of national security and intelligence activities from all federal departments and agencies ,and informs Parliament and Canadians of the lawfulness of their government’s actions.

NSIRA has a broad mandate that allows its members to review any national security or intelligence activity undertaken by any Canadian federal organization. NSIRA reviews are focused on supporting democratic accountability and transparency in the use of national security and intelligence powers.

NSIRA completes in-depth reviews that assist Parliament and Canadians in determining whether the national security and intelligence community has complied with the law and Ministerial Direction. NSIRA also assesses whether the activities in question were reasonable and necessary.

NSIRA reviews contain findings and make recommendations that help reviewed organizations ensure compliance. But NSIRA is not limited to compliance, reasonableness, and necessity, and can make any findings or recommendations it considers appropriate.

Reviewed organizations provide responses to NSIRA’s recommendations and implementation plans. NSIRA tracks the implementation of its recommendations on an ongoing basis.

Useful Resources

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What is NSIRA review

As Canada’s independent review agency, NSIRA has a broad mandate to review any activity carried out by a federal department related to national security or intelligence. The criteria for assessment can include, but need not be limited to, compliance (with law, ministerial direction, and policy), reasonableness, necessity, and efficacy. Additional criteria or lines of assessment may be determined at NSIRA’s discretion. Review can reach findings and issue recommendations with respect to the activities under consideration, as well as the broader context (e.g., governance, policy, organizational structure) in which they occur. Recommendations are non-binding on the departments and agencies to which they are issued.

Review occurs outside of the decision-making and operational process by which activities are conducted. That is, review is not connected to control or management of the activities being examined. In this way, NSIRA maintains its independence, as it is not implicated in the activities it reviews. Review is not bound by any temporal limitations. It may apply to past (completed) and present (ongoing) activities. It may also consider future activities by assessing the policies and procedures guiding a prospective activity, and highlighting potential issues before they occur.

The purpose of review is to ascertain facts after careful examination to develop findings and recommendations that inform accountability. NSIRA’s findings and recommendations are provided to the implicated departments and agencies as well as the responsible minister. NSIRA’s Annual Report, summarizing and contextualizing its review work from the previous year (including all findings and recommendations), is provided to the Prime Minister and tabled in parliament. Unclassified versions of each review report and the Annual Report are published on NSIRA’s website. In this way, review by NSIRA informs the broader deliberation – fundamental in a free and democratic society – regarding the means, lengths, and laws by which national security or intelligence activities are carried out. Crucially, NSIRA enjoys unfettered access (with the exception of cabinet confidences) to the sensitive and classified information of relevant departments and agencies, ensuring a level of scrutiny unavailable to other entities (such as civil society groups, academia, the media, etc.).

Useful Resources

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Historic Reviews

Historic Reviews


Office of the Communications Security Establishment Commissioner and Security Intelligence Review Committee Reviews

Before 2019, Agency Reviews were carried out by the Office of the Communications Security Establishment Commissioner (OCSEC) and the Security Intelligence Review Committee (SIRC). Their published reviews can be found here:

OCSEC

Office of the Communications Security Establishment Commissioner

SIRC

Security Intelligence Review Committee

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Reviews

What is NSIRA Review?


As Canada’s independent review agency, NSIRA has a broad mandate to review any activity carried out by a federal department related to national security or intelligence.


Definition of NSIRA Review


Why we review?

Who we review?

What we review?

Conducting reviews?

The criteria for assessment can include, but need not be limited to, compliance (with law, ministerial direction, and policy), reasonableness, necessity, and efficacy. Additional criteria or lines of assessment may be determined at NSIRA’s discretion. Review can reach findings and issue recommendations with respect to the activities under consideration, as well as the broader context (e.g., governance, policy, organizational structure) in which they occur. Recommendations are non-binding on the departments and agencies to which they are issued.

Review occurs outside of the decision-making and operational process by which activities are conducted. That is, review is not connected to control or management of the activities being examined. In this way, NSIRA maintains its independence, as it is not implicated in the activities it reviews. Review is not bound by any temporal limitations. It may apply to past (completed) and present (ongoing) activities. It may also consider future activities by assessing the policies and procedures guiding a prospective activity, and highlighting potential issues before they occur.

The purpose of review is to ascertain facts after careful examination to develop findings and recommendations that inform accountability. NSIRA’s findings and recommendations are provided to the implicated departments and agencies as well as the responsible minister. NSIRA’s Annual Report, summarizing and contextualizing its review work from the previous year (including all findings and recommendations), is provided to the Prime Minister and tabled in parliament. Unclassified versions of each review report and the Annual Report are published on NSIRA’s website. In this way, review by NSIRA informs the broader deliberation – fundamental in a free and democratic society – regarding the means, lengths, and laws by which national security or intelligence activities are carried out. Crucially, NSIRA enjoys unfettered access (with the exception of cabinet confidences) to the sensitive and classified information of relevant departments and agencies, ensuring a level of scrutiny unavailable to other entities (such as civil society groups, academia, the media, etc.).

Ongoing and completed reviews


Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)


Why we review

NSIRA establishes independent expert review of national security and intelligence activities from all federal departments and agencies ,and informs Parliament and Canadians of the lawfulness of their government’s actions.

NSIRA reviews contain findings and make recommendations that help reviewed organizations ensure compliance. But NSIRA is not limited to compliance, reasonableness, and necessity, and can make any findings or recommendations it considers appropriate.

Reviewed organizations provide responses to NSIRA’s recommendations and implementation plans. NSIRA tracks the implementation of its recommendations on an ongoing basis.

NSIRA has a broad mandate that allows its members to review any national security or intelligence activity undertaken by any Canadian federal organization. NSIRA reviews are focused on supporting democratic accountability and transparency in the use of national security and intelligence powers.

NSIRA completes in-depth reviews that assist Parliament and Canadians in determining whether the national security and intelligence community has complied with the law and Ministerial Direction. NSIRA also assesses whether the activities in question were reasonable and necessary.

Who we review

The National Security and Intelligence Review Agency has a statutory mandate to review the activities of the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) and the Communications Security Establishment (CSE), as well as the national security or intelligence activities of all other federal departments and agencies. This includes, but is not limited to, the national security or intelligence activities of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA), the Department of National Defence (DND), Global Affairs Canada (GAC), and the Department of Justice (DoJ).

As departmental roles and responsibilities evolve over time and departments gain new national security or intelligence responsibilities, NSIRA’s review mandate will automatically extend to those activities.

What we review

NSIRA’s Review Plan is approved by NSIRA Members. Although NSIRA must undertake certain reviews each year as set out in the NSIRA Act, most of NSIRA’s reviews are chosen by the NSIRA Members.

Members choose reviews of new, important, or of particularly high legal risk activities. The plan is regularly revised to ensure that it continues to reflect the rapidly changing national security and intelligence environment.

NSIRA reviews can focus on a program or activity within a single organization, or they can span multiple departments or agencies. Sometimes a review will begin in one department, but NSIRA then finds it necessary to “follow the thread” into another department in order to ensure a complete understanding of events. NSIRA can also undertake broad thematic reviews.

Mandatory Yearly Reviews

As set out in the NSIRA Act, NSIRA is required to conduct certain reviews each year related to:

  • At least one aspect of CSIS’s threat reduction mandate;
  • Every new or modified relevant Ministerial Direction related to National Security or Intelligence;
  • NSIRA must review the implementation of all directions issued under the Avoiding Complicity in Mistreatment by Foreign Entities Act;
  • Disclosures under the Security of Canada Information Disclosure Act.
Conducting review

NSIRA’s review process is rigorous and its Members are supported by a team of professional reviewers and lawyers.

Reviews are large, intensive projects that require hundreds of staff hours and are completed over a period of several months. NSIRA obtains paper and electronic documentation from a reviewed organization(s), and supplements these with briefings from relevant stakeholders and interviews with relevant employees. All of this information is carefully analyzed. A review is often an iterative project, with information prompting questions that in turn trigger fresh requests for information and briefings, and so on. NSIRA is legally entitled to unfettered access to all of the information in the possession, or under the control, of federal departments and agencies. The sole exception is Cabinet confidences.

In conducting reviews, NSIRA may make any findings and recommendations it deems appropriate. Often these relate to a department’s compliance with the law and applicable ministerial direction or the reasonableness and necessity of a department’s actions. NSIRA recommendations are not binding, however, NSIRA tracks departmental progress in addressing deficiencies and responding to recommendations.

When NSIRA completes a review, the resulting classified document is sent by the NSIRA Members to the appropriate Minister or Ministers. Each year, NSIRA is mandated to prepare an unclassified annual report to the Prime Minister containing summaries of its reviews, including findings and recommendations, completed during the previous calendar year. Departments and agencies have a chance to respond to NSIRA recommendations, and these responses are included in this report, which is ultimately tabled in Parliament by the Prime Minister and published on the NSIRA website.

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